Founding Values

Amendment XXIV

Partial

Poll Tax Prohibition

Ratified January 23, 1964

Poll taxes had been used since Reconstruction as a mechanism to disenfranchise Black voters in the South. Amendment XXIV banned them in federal elections; Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections (1966) extended this prohibition to state elections through the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause.

Voting RightsCivil RightsPoll TaxDisenfranchisement
Passed by Congress August 27, 1962Ratified January 23, 1964

Full Text

Section 1.

The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.

Section 2.

The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Annotated Version

The Amendments XI–XXVII document includes phrase highlights and court case references for this amendment.